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Susana Coroado
Lobbying is the process of seeking to shape the public policy agenda in order to influence government (and its institutions) and the legislative programme (Zetter 2011). Some degree of tentative influences of public policy by individual... more
Lobbying is the process of seeking to shape the public policy agenda in order to influence government (and its institutions) and the legislative programme (Zetter 2011). Some degree of tentative influences of public policy by individual or collective agents is inevitable and has been acknowledged by political systems, namely in the US and the EU. Lobbying practices may fall within the scope of conflict of interest regulation or influence peddling crimes, particularly when there is a lack of regulation and transparency. It may lead to corruption, but it may also be mistaken by it (Campos and Giovannoni 2007).
Looking at theoretical and legal definitions of conflict of interest, influence peddling and lobbying, this paper investigates the relationship and the differences between those concepts. In addition, it will also seek to understand how lobbying regulation can be coordinated with conflict of interest and influence peddling standards and fill in the gaps left by them. Finally, it will examine how this regulation can improve the identification and supervision of conflict of interest and influence peddling, by clarifying the scope of each of the concepts.
Research Interests:
Regulations and practices of lobbying and interest representation in Portugal. It includes recommendations for reform.
Research Interests:
This work is a study of the current international laws on small arms and light weapons control. More specifically, it aims at finding out whether is legal or not for governments to transfers weapons to non-state actors operating in the... more
This work is a study of the current international laws on small arms and light weapons control. More specifically, it aims at finding out whether is legal or not for governments to transfers weapons to non-state actors operating in the territory of other states, without their consent. For that, it examines international legal documents directly related to small arms, such as Security Council embargoes or global and regional instruments. However, due to the insufficient answers those documents provide, the study also examines general obligations place upon states that emanate from the Charter of the United Nations and the human rights regime.
Despite the conclusion that there is an absence of straight forward rules on the legality of the transfers in question, this work claims that general international law principles can provide some guidance. Those principles can be found in the Charter of the United Nations and in human rights and humanitarian law regimes and seem to lean towards a prohibition of SALW transfers to NSAs.
Research Interests:
Research Interests: