Manuela Santos Silva

SILVA, Manuela Santos, 2018. “The Portuguese Household of an English Queen: Sources, Purposes, Social Meaning” in Earenfight, Theresa (ed), Royal and Elite Households in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. More than Just a Castle, Leiden-Boston: Brill (A), pp.271-287.
Part of ISBN: 9789004360761

This paper will use as its main primary sources, some narratives and other pieces extracted from Portuguese Middle Ages " Genealogical Books, aiming to introduce violent characters and situations through some case studies. The goal of our study will be not only to present a spectrum of male behaviour marked by aggression, but also to reflect what attitudes were considered normal in a man, any man, as identity behaviour of virility and which ones transcended this normality and are atypical. For this purpose, we will examine original terminology to find out how these behaviours were seen and judged by their witnesses. This is also a first attempt of using Gender History analyses " perspectives in the study of these very rich medieval sources.

Com base em algumas informações que, aqui e ali, os cronistas da corte de Avis deixaram escapar acerca da influência que a rainha Filipa de Lencastre, mulher do rei português João I, exerceu sobre os seus filhos, transmitindo-lhes o orgulho na linhagem Plantageneta da qual descendiam e um certo fascínio sobre “as qualidades dos ingleses”, que todos eles parecem admirar, é já um tema batido considerar que a rainha inglesa de Portugal foi a grande educadora dos seus filhos. Não negando as evidências que apontam nessa direcção, pareceu-nos, porém, interessante, reflectir demoradamente sobre a natureza da educação de que terão sido alvo os seis filhos de D. Filipa e compará-la quer com os indícios que estes nos deixaram na idade adulta, quer com os informes que possuímos sobre a educação da rainha, enquanto jovem aristocrata em Inglaterra.

Petites villes des reines médiévales du Portugal:
identité, fiscalité, juridiction

Au Portugal, comme à Léon et à Castille, les reines médiévales reçoivent de ses maris ou de ses beaux-parents des villes qui faisaient partie du patrimoine de la Couronne. Ces villes ne rentraient pas dans le domaine des reines, bien que la juridiction et les droits royaux leur reviennent après la concession royale.
Cette communication cherchera à analyser la relation que s’établissait entre chaque de ces villes et leur seigneur, la reine. Celle-ci exerçait en son propre nom la juridiction sur les gens, de même qui ordonnait la collecte des les rentes et les droits royaux destinés à soutenir sa cour de la reine à l’intérieur de la cour royale. Ces rentes payaient les services et la manutention de dizaines de femmes et d’hommes qui servaient la reine.
Cependant, quelques de ces villes n’ont jamais connu les dames de qui elles dépendaient. Les reines suivaient presque toujours ses maris quand ils voyageaient travers le royaume, devenant ainsi rares les évidences de leur présence en quelques-unes de ses villes, à l’exception de certaines saisons de l’année où elles y séjournaient fréquemment avec sa famille.
Les palais qu’existaient à Sintra et à Aldeia Galega da Merceana, par exemple, étaient beaucoup plus confortable que les châteaux pouvant les accueillir. Ainsi, lorsqu’elles séjournaient dans leurs villes, il ne leur manquait pas une maison correspondant à leur rang.
Pour l’administration de leurs villes, les reines pouvaient compter sur un corps de fonctionnaires habitant en ville ou qui y faisaient des randonnées d’inspection plusieurs fois l’an. Ce groupe de fonctionnaires pouvaient donc parfois rencontrer les officiers du roi qu’y œuvraient aussi au nom de leur maître, notamment pour ce qui était du recrutement militaire des vilains, quelques matières de justice, etc.

Mots clés : reines, identité, fiscalité, juridiction



In Portugal, as in León and Castile, medieval queens received from their husbands or
in-laws towns that were part of the Crown’s possessions. Th ese towns were not permanently
integrated into the queen’s household, although queens were entrusted with
the corresponding jurisdiction and royal rights from the moment of the concession.
Th is paper seeks to analyse the relationship that developed between each of these
towns and their liege, the queen. She exercised jurisdiction over the people in her
own name, and commanded the collection of rents and royal privileges destined to
support the queen’s household within the royal court. Such rents were used to pay for
the service and keeping of dozens of women and men who served the queen.
Some of these towns, however, never sheltered the ladies they were subject to.
Queens nearly always followed their husbands when these travelled through the kingdom;
evidence of their presence in some of their own towns is therefore rare, except for
certain times of the year when queens would frequently stay there with their families.
When staying in their towns, queens did not lack for accommodation suitable to
their station; the palaces that then stood in Sintra and in Aldeia Galega da Merceana,
for instance, were much more comfortable than the castles usually available for their
lodging.
For the administration of their towns, queens could rely on a body of offi cials
who either lived locally or visited the place for supervision several times a year. Th ese
offi cials could sometimes come across the king’s own, who can be found discharging
duties in the name of their lord, especially regarding some matters of justice and the
military recruitment of villeins.

Urban patrimony of the queens-consorts of Portugal (12th to 15th century)
This essay will analyze the relationship that Queens-consorts of Portugal established with their estates, that means, with those towns that belonged to them by concession of their husbands or fathers-in-laws. Some had been given as dowers at the time of the wedding; others would have been later added to the patrimony to help maintaining the queens’ household: the queens’ ladies-in-waiting, the queens’ officials and servants and the queen herself. We will try to perceive the importance of these small towns to each queen and what meant to these towns to belong to the queen.

O concelho de Óbidos formou-se durante os primeiros reinados da monarquia portuguesa sem nunca ter deixado de integrar o património da Coroa. O rei, a um mesmo tempo figura referencial mas também senhor privado de alguns espaços territoriais, exerceu sobre Óbidos apenas uma magistratura política, deixando a outras entidades os aspectos patrimoniais. Os equipamentos de defesa das populações pertenceram-lhe sempre porém. Não se torna assim difícil encontrar, ao longo dos séculos medievais, informações de diversos tipos sobre datas de construção, características construtivas, funcionalidades, quer das muralhas, quer da zona mais militarizada do espaço construído obidense.

Philippa and Katherine of Lancaster, stepsisters of English origin, were both and simultaneously queens-consorts of neighbouring and rival kingdoms. As a widow, Katherine became queen-regent of Castile, together with her brother in law, and she was in charge of the peace negotiations with Portugal. The chronicler Fernão Lopes gives Katherine all the credit for this process but there are enough evidences that the two sisters were in contact and constantly arranging ways of bettering the relationship between their adoption kingdoms.
Key-words: Portugal – Castile – England – alliances - kinship

Desde o momento do seu
matrimónio, as rainhas de Portugal
gozavam de rendas próprias que
obtinham da aplicação de jurisdição
sobre determinadas vilas que pertenciam
ao património da coroa. Esses
rendimentos sustentavam o guardaroupa
da rainha e sobretudo a sua casa,
isto é, o conjunto de senhoras e de
oficiais que cada rainha juntava em sua
volta para o seu serviço e companhia. Ao
casar com a filha primogénita do duque
inglês de Lancaster, João I, rei de
Portugal, preocupou-se de imediato em
montar uma casa à sua rainha, dando-lhe
para isso meios adequados. Por mérito
do rei e da rainha ou da sua
administração, o seu reinado significou
um período de reformas no
funcionamento da casa das rainhas.
Palavras-chave: rainhas; casa; jurisdição

“O casamento de D. Beatriz (filha natural de D. João I) com Thomas Fitzalan (Conde de Arundel) – paradigma documental da negociação de uma aliança” in Problematizar a História. Estudos de História Moderna em Homenagem a Maria do Rosário Themudo Barata, Lisboa, Caleidoscópio, Centro de História da Universidade de Lisboa, 2007, pp.77-91.

Manuela Santos Silva, Small towns belonging to the medieval queens of Portugal: distinctiveness, taxation, jurisdiction,
Keywords: queens, identity, taxation, jurisdiction, pp.125-136.

Abstract: In Portugal, as in León and Castile, medieval queens received from their husbands or in-laws towns that were part of the Crown’s possessions. These towns were not integrated into the queen’s household, although queens were entrusted with the corresponding jurisdiction and royal rights from the moment of the concession.

This paper seeks to analyse the relationship that developed between each of these towns and their liege, the queen. She exercised jurisdiction over the people in her own name, and commanded the collection of rents and royal privileges destined to support the queen’s household within the royal court. Such rents were used to pay for the service and keeping of dozens of women and men who served the queen.

Some of these towns, however, never sheltered the ladies they were subject to. Queens nearly always followed their husbands when these travelled through the kingdom; evidence of their presence in some of their own towns is therefore rare, except for certain times of the year when queens would frequently stay there with their families.

When staying in their towns, queens did not lack for accommodation suitable to their station; the palaces that then stood in Sintra and in Aldeia Galega da Merceana, for instance, were much more comfortable than the castles usually available for their lodging.

For the administration of their towns, queens could rely on a body of officials who either lived locally or visited the place for supervision several times a year. These officials could sometimes come across the king’s own, who can be found discharging duties in the name of their lord, especially regarding some matters of justice and the military recruitment of villeins.

Porque será Isabel, persistentemente, esquecida nas obras de muitos historiadores? Não sendo por falta de elementos que permitam opinar sobre a sua educação, sobre os seus interesses, sobre as suas competências, não se entende porque é excluída do grupo familiar a que pertencia, como se o reconhecido ambiente cultural da corte não a tivesse podido tocar! Só o predomínio de ideias pré-concebidas, acerca da impossibilidade de acesso à cultura por parte das mulheres, o pode explicar.