Ana Catarina Sousa

The shell middens of São Julião and Magoito, located on the Atlantic coast of the Lisbon peninsula, are the only sites of
the Portuguese Estremadura that feature occupations from the Atlantic period. These sites present occupations of the Early Mesolithic
and successive reoccupations in the Late Mesolithic (S. Julião), the Early and Middle Neolithic (S. Julião, Magoito), Late Neolithic
(Magoito), Chalcolithic (S. Julião), and Bronze Age (Magoito). There is a great continuity in site structure throughout these periods,
which is very specialized for the specific and episodic exploitation of aquatic resources. The reoccupations are found in distinct loci,
showing a horizontal stratigraphy. Continuities and/or discontinuities of settlement during the Boreal/Atlantic transition period in Central
and Southern Portugal are matter of debate. The gap recorded in Estremadura, during the Atlantic period, is analyzed by taking into
account the taphonomy, the state of research, the environment and an economic and social model. This paper attempts a review of the
known data, but also presents new results for São Julião.

We investigated the genetic composition of six Canis remains from western Iberia, directly radiocarbon dated to 7,903–7,570 years (cal BP). They were identified as dogs via their archaeological and depositional context,
osteometry, and a high percentage of aquatic diet shared with humans. For comparison, genetic data were
obtained from an additional 37 Iberian dog remains from the Neolithic to Late Antiquity, as well as two Palaeolithic and a Chalcolithic Canis identified as wolves. Previous data indicated that dog mtDNA haplogroup A (HgA) is prevalent in extant European dogs (> 50%), in the Near East and Asia, but rare or absent (< 10%) in European Canis older than 3,000 years (cal BP). We found a high frequency (83%) of dog HgA in Mesolithic Iberian dog remains. This is the first report of a high frequency of dog HgA in pre-Neolithic Europe. We show that, contrary to the current view, Canis with HgA did not necessarily arrive in Europe from East-Asia. This
phylogeographical difference in HgA frequency demonstrates that genetic differentiation was high prior to, or as a consequence of, domestication which may be linked with pre-Neolithic local processes for Iberian wolf domestication.
Our results emphasize that knowledge of both ancient wolves' and early dogs’ genetic profiles from the European periphery should improve our understanding of the evolution of the European dog.

Archaeological fieldwork at Penedo do Lexim (Mafra) brought to light interesting evidence related to the site's Late Bronze Age occupation. The available data indicates that its main function did not involve permanent domestic features but instead extraordinary and sporadic practices that seem to be related both to interregional or long distance trading and to ritual activities. In this paper, we present the archaeological evidence related to the site's occupation during the late 2 nd / early 1 st millennium BC (ceramic and metallic assemblages) and discuss its function in the regional framework of the Late Bronze Age of the Lisbon Peninsula. RESUMEN Excavaciones arqueológicas en Penedo do Lexim (Ma-fra) han proporcionado datos interesantes sobre su ocupa-ción durante el Bronce Final. La información disponible in-dica que su función principal no se relaciona con actividades domésticas permanentes, sino con prácticas extraordinarias y esporádicas, que parecen asociarse al comercio interregional o de larga distancia y/o con actividades rituales. En este trabajo presentamos las evidencias arqueológicas rela-cionadas con la ocupación del yacimiento durante los finales del II/ inicios del I milenio a. C. (conjuntos cerámicos y metálicos) y discutimos su función en el marco regional del Bronce final en la Península de Lisboa.

RESUMO
No tricentenário do lançamento da primeira pedra do Real Monumento de Mafra apresentam -se os contextos
arqueológicos identificados no Terreiro D. João V durante as obras de requalificação (2009 -2011). A intervenção
arqueológica incidiu fundamentalmente no Terreiro Norte, espaço urbano que teve já variadas designações e
usos. Inicialmente está relacionado com a cerca conventual (1717 -1843) mas com a intervenção de D. Fernando
II esta área é remodelada, construindo -se o «Jardim do Cerco». Entre 1929 e 1930, todo o terreiro é remodelado,
obra projectada pelo Arquitecto Paulino Montez. Os trabalhos arqueológicos permitiram a identificação de vários
contextos arqueológicos: 1) estruturas, 2) depósitos; 3) aterros. O presente artigo será centrado no estudo
das lixeiras, incluindo o estudo zooarqueológico, o estudo das cerâmicas e faianças. Este artigo pretende dar
um contributo para o estudo do quotidiano no Convento de Mafra, numa perspectiva interdisciplinar.
Palavras -chave: Idade Moderna, Mafra, Arqueologia Conventual.
ABSTRACT
In the three hundred years of the settlement of the first stone of the Royal Monument of Mafra, the archaeological
contexts that were excavated in the Terreiro D. João V during the area’s requalification (2009-2011) are
studied in this paper. The archaeological intervention focused mainly on the north side of the Terreiro, an
urban space renamed several times over the last 300 years. Initially related to the convent’s fence (1717-1843)
it is remodeled with the intervention of King Fernando II when «Jardim do Cerco» was built. Between 1929
and 1930, the entire yard was once again altered after a Paulino Montez’s (architect) project. The archaeological
excavations recognized several archaeological contexts allowing the identification of: 1) structures, 2) deposits;
3) landfills. This paper aims to study of some dumpsters found in the north façade, where the food supply area
and the kitchens were located, including the zooarchaeological evidence, coarsewares and tin glazed pottery.
All of these aspects are indicators of the daily live in the Convent of Mafra and will permit an interdisciplinary
approach to its study.
Keywords: Modern Age, Mafra, Monastic archaeology.

The functionality of Cova da Baleia (Mafra, Portugal) is hereby presented and discussed in this paper. In an excavated area of 500 m 2 was identified a large concentration of structures (128), of which 104 were in clay, with two phases of occupation. The absolute chronology indicates a majority occupation of the second half of the 8th millennium cal BCE (Early Mesolithic) and a second phase towards the end of the 7th millennium (Late Mesolithic). Despite the excellent state of conservation of the site, the osteological remains are practically absent, possibly due to taphonomic factors. Cova da Baleia is clearly a distinctive site of the reference framework known of the Early Mesolithic times in Portugal, given the large size of the site (about 1 ha) and its structural complexity. It was clear that an interdisciplinary approach was mandatory in order to fully guarantee the site interpretation , namely regarding its functionality. The results of the use-wear and archaeobotanical studies show the relevance of wood and other hard materials, whereas the need for fire for these activities remains to be understood .

The functionality of Cova da Baleia (Mafra, Portugal) is hereby presented and discussed in this paper. In an excavated area of 500 m 2 was identified a large concentration of structures (128), of which 104 were in clay, with two phases of occupation. The absolute chronology indicates a majority occupation of the second half of the 8th millennium cal BCE (Early Mesolithic) and a second phase towards the end of the 7th millennium (Late Mesolithic). Despite the excellent state of conservation of the site, the osteological remains are practically absent, possibly due to taphonomic factors. Cova da Baleia is clearly a distinctive site of the reference framework known of the Early Mesolithic times in Portugal, given the large size of the site (about 1 ha) and its structural complexity. It was clear that an interdisciplinary approach was mandatory in order to fully guarantee the site interpretation , namely regarding its functionality. The results of the use-wear and archaeobotanical studies show the relevance of wood and other hard materials, whereas the need for fire for these activities remains to be understood .

The identification of archaeological amber has been used in Iberian prehistory to evidence long-distance exchanges and engage Iberia in networks that connect western Europe with central and northern Europe, the emergence of social complexity, and the consolidation of trade networks. However, until now, no comprehensive analytical study of the Iberian amber has been produced to support any of the interpretive models currently in use. This paper approaches the analysis of Iberian Peninsula amber artefacts by considering their provenance (based on FTIR characterization), chronology, and spatial relationship with other exotica. Our work increases the number of analyzed artefacts to 156 (24%), out of the c. 647 currently known for the Iberian Peninsula. Based on these new data and a review of Murillo-Barroso and Martinón-Torres (2012), this overview outlines amber consumption patterns from the 6th to 2nd millennia BCE and demonstrates long-distance amber exchange connecting Iberia with the Mediterranean region from the Neolithic period onwards.

In this article we present the Late Neolithic occupation of Carrascal’s settlement and discuss its functional feature. We conclude that it is a settlement with mixed carachteristics, corresponding to a specialized lithic workshop, located nearby the raw material resources,
simultaneously with important evidence of semi-permanent, or even permanent, human occupation evidenced by the ceramics and polished stone industry.

AMS radiocarbon and OSL dating, and profiling were used to directly delimit periods of variscite production at Pico Centeno Mine 2. These results were integrated with analysis of other well-dated periods of variscite production to establish an Iberian-wide chronological framework. Variscite production at Pico Centeno Mine 2 began at ~ 5200 BC, coincident with alpine jade production or Casa Montero Iberian flint production. Variscite was only used occasionally, together with other greenstones, during the 5th and 6th millennia BC. During the 4th millennium BC, variscite use began to increase to its apogee in the first half of 3rd millennium BC when it appeared in nearly every Iberian burial site. This increase in variscite production and use coincided with decline in the popularity of alpine jade. By the end of the 3rd millennium BC, new resources began to be valued such as Asian and African Ivory, Baltic and Sicilian amber, and copper-based metal products. The variscite cycle thus started with the decline of jade in the 5th–4th millennium BC, and ended with the appearance of copper, ivory and extra-peninsular amber by the end of the 3rd millennium BC.

This paper presents the results of compositional analysis (XRF) of 121 green ornaments recovered from the Copper Age site of Vila Nova de São Pedro, kept in the Museu Arqueológico do Carmo. Different minerals were used on its production such as muscovite, talc and variscite. Regarding variscite ornaments raw material, it was possible to ascribe its provenance to source areas in Zamora, Huelva and Barcelona. This was conducted by comparison with geological samples composition of those different areas

This study addresses the vertebrate fauna recovered in the UE 19, (Late Neolithic), integrating a wider program of study of the fauna of Penedo do Lexim, as well as the study of fauna management in Central and Southern Portugal. In the context studied, the remains of meso-mammals are more frequent than those of macro-mammals, a situation which agrees with the abundance of ovine-caprine and swine, compared with the larger species - cattle and deer. It is emphasized the reduced presence of wildlife recovered, with the exception of the rabbit. The mortality pattern of ovicaprinos highlights the sacrifice of juveniles and sub-adults, suggesting the use of meat of these species. Comparison with contemporary sets shows significant differences in species exploited, allowing propose as a working hypothesis the existence of many different management and utilization of wildlife resources by human communities in the late Neolithic Portuguese Estremadura.

Este artículo trata sobre el análisis arqueométrico de
un hacha de jadeíta depositada en el Museo do Clube da
Sertã, en la villa de Sertã (distrito de Castelo Branco,
Portugal). De igual forma que sucede en otros museos
creados en el s. XIX y comienzos del s. XX, éste incorpora
materiales arqueológicos aislados y con escasas referencias
al contexto de origen. El hacha en cuestión tan sólo cuenta con una ficha de inventario manuscrita en la que aparece la siguiente descripción (fig. 1):
Pedra exótica, encontrada // juntamente com outros
numa // escavação junto da Portela do // Outeiro.
Caracteriza-se pela sua for-//ma oval e natureza geolo-//
gica, inteiramente estranha // à região.
C. Ramalhosa

O presente trabalho descreve e analisa o espólio arqueofaunístico recuperado no Locus 5 do povoado
fortificado do Penedo do Lexim, Mafra datado no Calcolítico Pleno (sem campaniforme). Foram identificados
1532 restos pertencentes na sua maioria a mamíferos. A considerável contribuição de animais
domésticos, em especial ovicaprinos e suídeos (fundamentalmente porcos), indicia a importância das atividades
agro-pastoris entre as comunidades humanas estabelecidas neste espaço durante o III milénio
a.C. O reduzido número de restos de gado bovino, quando comparado com outros conjuntos contemporâneos
do entorno, é discutido no marco de várias hipóteses de trabalho. Com o objetivo de melhorar
o nosso conhecimento sobre quais foram os recursos aproveitados das principais espécies ganadeiras
realizamos um estudo comparado das idades de abate. No caso dos ovicaprinos evidencia-se uma
clara mudança em relação ao Neolítico Final, o aproveitamento prioritário de carne é substituído pela
exploração dalguns dos chamados produtos secundários, previsivelmente o leite e o estrume. Por último,
avalia-se o reduzido papel das atividades cinegéticas na economia local e apontamos as diferenças e
semelhanças com outros espólios faunísticos do Calcolítico da Estremadura e do Alentejo.
In this paper we describe and analyze the faunal remains recovered from Locus 5 at the fortified settlement
of Penedo do Lexim, Mafra dated to the Middle Chalcolithic (without Bell Beaker). Most of the
1532 remains identified belong to mammals. The outstanding contribution of domestic animals, in particular
caprines and suids (mainly pigs), suggests the importance of agro-pastoral activities among the
people settled there over the 3rd millennium BC. The low number of cattle compared to other contemporary
assemblages of the surroundings is discussed taking into account different working hypotheses. With
the aim of improving our knowledge on which the resources used from the main husbanded species were
we conducted a comparative study of the age-at-death profiles. In the case of caprines there is clear
evidence for change since the Late Neolithic: the meat priority pattern is substituted by the exploitation
of some of the so called ‘secondary products’, presumably milk and dung. Lastly, we evaluate the scarce
role of hunting activities in the local economy while some differences and similarities with other Chalcolithic
faunal assemblages from the Estremadura and Alentejo regions are noted.

O presente artigo apresenta os resultados preliminares do projeto de inventário, conservação, digitalização e divulgação do acervo epistolar do Arquivo Leisner, subsidiado pela Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian (2012–2013).
Georg Leisner (1870–1957) e Vera Leisner (1885–1972) constituem o objeto central deste arquivo, em estreita ligação com um número alargado de instituições e arqueológos portugueses e estrangeiros.
Face à enorme dimensão do arquivo (49 500 documentos) e ao seu carácter inédito, optou-se por centrar o projeto no acervo epistolar, constituído por cerca de 4000 cartas. Apresenta-se a metodologia desenvolvida, avançando com leituras preliminares quanto a idiomas, países emissores /
recetores, personalidades, instituições, sítios arqueológicos e cronologias. Valoriza-se a preservação das fontes primárias e secundários na construção do conhecimento em Arqueologia e na preservação do património da História desta disciplina.

This paper presents the results of compositional analysis (XRF) of 121 green ornaments recovered from the
Copper Age site of Vila Nova de São Pedro, kept in the Museu Arqueológico do Carmo. Different minerals
were used on its production such as muscovite, talc and variscite. Regarding variscite ornaments raw material,
it was possible to ascribe its provenance to source areas in Zamora, Huelva and Barcelona. This was conducted
by comparison with geological samples composition of those different areas.

O texto que aqui se apresenta é o resultado de um intenso trabalho de pesquisa sobre o sistema de comunicações militares utilizado nas Linhas de Torres Vedras – o conjunto de fortificações de campo construído para defesa da cidade de Lisboa, face às invasões do exército napoleónico, durante a Guerra Peninsular (1809-1810).

Esta indagação surgiu da necessidade de proceder à construção e montagem de réplicas do telégrafo visual, à escala natural, reconstituindo o sistema utilizado em 1810, para transmitir mensagens entre o centro de comando e as diversas fortificações das linhas. Nessa sequência, foram já montadas duas réplicas do telégrafo, na Serra do Socorro (Mafra) e no Forte de S. Vicente (Torres Vedras).

A pesquisa recorreu ao importante contributo de técnicos navais – até aqui afastados dos estudos do sistema de comunicações –, a uma revisão da documentação arquivística disponível e da bibliografia publicada até então, à realização de escavações arqueológicas e a um processo de arqueologia experimental.

O processo de investigação permitiu proceder à revisão da história do estabelecimento da telegrafia visual em Portugal e obter uma panorâmica muito clara dos diversos contextos e condicionantes da sua implementação nas Linhas de Torres Vedras, em 1810, nomeadamente desfazendo algumas ideias equívocas, que perduraram ao longo do tempo.

Contextos e Objectivos

Em termos estritos, o Campaniforme é a súmula de um estilo decorativo cerâmico com formas cerâmicas específicas. Surge em toda a Europa e Norte de África em finais do Calcolítico, na segunda metade do 3º milénio a.n.e. Contudo, em termos mais abrangentes, a presença desta cerâmica tem profundas implicações no estudo do modelo de sociedade, de eixos de troca e de mudanças tecnológicas das comunidades agro-pastoris.
A temática do Campaniforme tem um longo historial de investigações em toda a Europa. A quantidade e diversidade de campaniforme na Península Ibérica desde cedo levou a colocar esta área no centro de debate da origem e difusão de um estilo cerâmico.
Ciclicamente, têm sido efectuados balanços sobre esta temática, sobretudo a propósito de estudos monográficos de sítios com dados especialmente relevantes quanto à estratigrafia, cronologia absoluta, tipologia.
Apesar da extensão da bibliografia disponível, escasseiam as leituras transversais e actualizadas reflectindo as recentes descobertas das últimas décadas: os recintos de fossos, os hipogeus do interior da Península, as novas análises arqueométricas. Estes novos dados permitem colocar em perspectiva os contextos «clássicos», alguns dos quais com trabalhos arqueológicos do século 19.
O presente workshop constitui um encontro científico especificamente direcionado para a temática do campaniforme à escala peninsular, reunindo um conjunto selecionado de investigadores, com dados relevantes. Para além do conjunto de oradores convidados, será ainda aberta a inscrição para posters, alargando-se assim o leque de participações.
Procura-se fazer o levantamento do estado da arte e, simultaneamente, estimular a discussão das diferentes perspectivas teóricas.
12 a 13 de Maio.
http://www.uniarq.net/workshop-sinos-e-tacas.html

Gender archaeology emerged in the 1980s associated with the third wave of feminism, which led to the
incorporation of poststructuralist theories. The aim was to make women visible in the archaeological record and
to denounce the hegemonic androcentrism that had been framing archaeological studies.
In the 1990s there were some changes in the theoretical framework, namely with the introduction of queer
theories and transsexual feminism, with the radical rejection of biological determinism and patriarchal society, has
become a widespread phenomenon that crosscuts several social sciences, such as anthropology and archaeology.
The archaeological focus on the male/female barrier of social inequality (the binary gender) brings to light the
social commitment and political relevance of our discipline. The multi-temporality and pluralism of archaeological
approaches can give valuable contributions to the current debates and to the key set of ideas on the
following subjects:
- Deconstruction of sexual versus gender relations in dierent times and places based on the empirical record
(domestic contexts, funerary spaces, shrines and rock-engraved art);
- Engendering the Past: Women and gurative representations, power and ideology in non-literate societies.
- New insights into theoretical issues, methodologies and high tech archaeological science tools (materials
science, ecological analysis, DNA and isotope analyses, organic residue analyses of prehistoric pottery) that can
bring to the fore crucial situations of social inequality